Cocoon For Fertility

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In a study by Ana Mitrovic Jovanovic, generally every one out six couples faces fertility problems and requires assistance of qualified personnel. Cases of infertility, both feminine and masculine, come from different pathologies such as endometriosis and endometrial receptivity, in the case of women, and erectile dysfunction in male counterparts.

Due to the benefits of oxygen, the fertility field has started paying more attention and focus towards hyperbaric medicine. There are various causes for infertility, and there is no one biggest cause for infertility.

Infertility in Women

Endometrial Receptivity

A cause of infertility in women brought up by Mitrovic is the problem of endometrial receptivity (the quality of uterine lining where the future embryo will be implanted). Endometrial receptivity is a significant factor among a series of conditions determining the future pregnancy. Implantation will usually only take place if the endometrium has reach a certain stage of vascularisation and development. (Mitrovic et al., 2006)

Endometriosis

Several mechanisms have been proposed to clarify the association between endometriosis and infertility. Women with endometriosis typically present with pelvic pain, infertility or an adnexal mass. Endometriosis can result in impaired implantation, among other symptoms, thus affecting chances of pregnancy.

Can HBOT treat infertility in Women?

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) promotes a significant increase of oxygen in blood which results in better functioning of the organism, stimulating development of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) and regulating oxidative stress. When there is an excess of oxygen in tissues and organs, a better environment is created for fertilisation to occur correctly and enhance assisted fertility treatments.

How does it help?

In the case of endometrial receptivity, (Jovanovic, 2016) presents the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen in having extraordinary significance for better outcome of pregnancy implantation by improving endometrial receptivity. Desirable quality of endometrium was significantly better in the cycle when HBOT had been applied. The application of hyperbaric oxygen provides an optimal quality of endometrium and adequate subendometrial vascularisation and oxygenation.

Hence, if endometrial receptivity is conditioned by adequate vascularisation and oxygenation, then in comparison with the medicaments used until now for improvement of vascularisation, HBOT proves to be advantageous over drugs in every aspect and would be the treatment of choice.

For patients who suffer from endometriosis, the anti-inflammatory effect of HBOT helps to reduce the inflammatory response of TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4) in different organs, reducing the chronic inflammation at the systemic level.

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Male Infertility

Erectile dysfunction

Erectile Dysfunction (ED) is caused by microvascular or macrovascular insufficiency in the majority of patients. The normal erection is a complex event requiring coordinated functions of psychological, neurological, hormonal and vascular systems. In at least 60% of patients with ED, penile blood flow disruption is due to inadequate vascular perfusion (interruption of blood flow). (Hadanny et al., 2018)

Infertility in men can be presented by genetic conditions, erectile dysfunction, or bad habits, such as smoking and obesity – all of which affect sperm quality. Sperm mitochondria produce energy for the movement of the sperm and are necessary for sperm functionality, the movement of the tail for the scrolling, as well as regulating oxidative balance, oxidative stress, and producing enzymes to regulate it. HBOT can affect sperm functionality because of oxygen’s impact of sperm mitochondria.

Can HBOT treat infertility in Men?

Recent studies have shown that hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) can induce angiogenesis in different body organs. HBOT can induce penile angiogenesis and improve erectile function in men suffering from erectile dysfunction (ED). Angiogenesis can reverse the disruption of vascular blood flow in the penis, which is usually present in 60% of such cases. HBOT reverses the basic common pathophysiology, atherosclerosis (a thickening or hardening of the arteries) and decreased penile perfusion (perfusion is the process of oxygenated blood being delivered to the tissues of the body), responsible for most cases of ED. HBOT significantly improved erectile function. (Hadanny et al., 2018)

(Jovanovic, 2016)’s study treated patients with male factor infertility. They found that upon applying HBOT for 2 months, there was a significant increase in motor activity as well as increased spermatogenesis.

Images shown were taken from (Hadanny et al., 2018) study on erectile dysfunction measures before and after HBOT.

a) Penetration erections, Erections maintenance, intercourse satisfaction and overall satisfaction scores significantly increased after HBOT

b) Erectile function and IIEF total score improved significantly after HBOT. IIEF total and erectile function scores significantly improved after HBOT

c) DCE-MRI was performed to measure penile blood perfusion, and results in red shows increase in perfusion after HBOT.

Increased Satisfaction levels

HBOT increased the mean scores for the erectile-function domain and after HBOT, 63% of the men had none to mild erectile dysfunction. As a result of the aforementioned, the mean scores for the orgasmic-function, intercourse-satisfaction, and overall-satisfaction domains significantly improved after HBOT. (Jovanovic, 2016)

In Conclusion...

Hyperbaric oxygen treatment can be a helpful therapy that helps to prevent and promote infertility treatment by improving the fertilisation period. It can also generate a favourable environment for successful implantation.

References

Hyperbaric oxygen can induce angiogenesis and recover erectile function.

Hyperbaric Oxygenation as a possible therapy of choice for infertility treatment.

Hyperbaric Oxygenation Therapy in Infertility Patients.